PHASE 3

The decision to decrease the fraction v is to be made sometime during phase 3. But phase 3 is itself divided into phase 3a and phase 3b.

During phase 3a, "the average pure surplus is decreasing though the aggregate pure surplus continues to increase." During phase 3b, "both average and aggregate pure surplus are decreasing" (p. 152, notes 212 and 213).

The difference between "average" and "aggregate" is implied in the remarks about equation (40) on p. 150: that the "average F/O" may be taken as "representative" of (but not equivalent to) the "aggregate" ratio in a particular given "unit of enterprise" (or firm?). Now "some firms are more sheltered than others" (page 80) and therefore the "aggregate" can continue to increase while the "average" is decreasing in phase 3a. Phase 3b starts when the "aggregate" starts decreasing too. Only then may the decision to decrease v be made if a deceleration is to be avoided and a pure cycle is to be maintained.

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